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Samarra Barrage
Samarra Barrage ((アラビア語:سد سامَرّاء)) and Tharthar Barrage ((アラビア語:سد الثَرثار)) is a multi-purpose barrage on the Tigris River adjacent (west) of Samarra and north of Baghdad, Iraq. The main purpose of the dam is to divert floodwater in the Tigris River to Lake Tharthar through the Tharthar depression along with irrigation and an 84 MW hydro-electricity station. It also serves to produce hydroelectric power and flood control – although the later has become less critical with the construction of the Mosul Dam upstream and several other large dams in Turkey.
It was completed in 1956 by the German company Züblin. Designs were completed by the British firm Voganlei and Coode. The power station was commissioned in 1972. The Samarra Barrage portion of the structure has 17 gates capable of passing of water to the Tigris while the Tharthar regulator can divert up to into a canal with 36 gates. The reservoir's design capacity is but much of that is filled with sediment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.auptde.org/newsite/UploadImages/News/110/322.pdf )〕
The intent was to use water stored from the Samarra Barrage and the Ramadi Barrage for irrigation. However, evaporation on Lakes Habbaniyah and Tharthar lead to reduces storage and high salinity; conditions unsuitable for irrigation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E04.htm )〕
In April 2015 the Tharthar Barrage was captured by The Islamic State after several days of fighting that saw 120 Iraqi soldiers and a senior Iraqi general killed. The jihadist group also took over a nearby military barracks during the battle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/04/islamic-state-captures-dam-overruns-base-in-western-iraq.php )〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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